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Edition description

Determinants of kicking force in taekwon-do: a pilot study on the role of aggression, sex, and age

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Determinants of kicking force in taekwon-do: a pilot study on the role of aggression, sex, and age

Wąsik, Jacek ; Kuśnierz, Cezary ; Radecki, Kamil ; Mosler, Dariusz

taekwondo ; kicking force ; aggression ; biomechanics ; combat sports ; force plate ; performance predictors

Physical Activity Review ; Vol. 14 ; Issue 2 ; pp. 35-45

The ability to generate high kicking force is a key determinant of performance in taekwondo. While the biomechanical aspects of kicking techniques have been extensively investigated, the potential role of psychological traits, such as aggression, in force generation remains insufficiently explored. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between aggression levels and the ability to generate kicking force in taekwondo athletes, taking into account the role of sex and age. Materials and Methods: Thirty taekwondo athletes (6 women and 24 men; mean age 27.07 ± 6.42 years) participated in the study. Under laboratory conditions, maximal impact force of three kicking techniques (front, roundhouse, and side kick) performed with both legs was recorded using a force plate. Aggression was assessed using the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, independent-samples t-tests, and multiple linear regression were applied (p < 0.05). Results: In the regression model explaining total kicking force (R² = 0.53; p< 0.001), sex and age were significant predictors, whereas aggression was not statistically significant. Men generated significantly greater kicking force than women (large effect size), whereas no significant differences in aggression levels were observed between sexes. Conclusions: The findings indicate that the relationship between aggression and kicking force in taekwondo athletes is limited and technique-specific. Overall force-generation capacity appears to be determined primarily by somatic and biomechanical factors rather than by dispositional aggression. Future studies should include larger samples and additional biomechanical and psychophysiological variables.

Place of publishing:

Częstochowa

Projack

2026

artykuł

application/pdf

e-ISSN 2300-5076 ; oai:dlibra.bg.ajd.czest.pl:8578

10.16926/par.2026.14.19 ; click here to follow the link

eng

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Uniwersytet Jana Długosza w Częstochowie

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Biblioteka Uniwersytecka Uniwersytetu Jana Długosza w Częstochowie